Importing a single user

Privy allows you to import a single user into your Privy app. To import a user, pass a ImportUserInput which includes the user's LinkedAccounts. You can also create a wallet with wallet pregeneration.

When an imported user logs in, all of their imported accounts (wallet, email, etc.) will be included in their user object. If the imported user has a pregenerated embedded wallet, that wallet will be available to the user upon sign in.

If you want to import multiple users at once, you can import users in bulk.

ImportUserInput

When importing a user, you will pass an ImportUserInput object. See the fields on the ImportUserInput object below:

Field	Type	Description
linkedAccounts	LinkedAccount[]	An array including all of the user's linked accounts. These objects are in the same shape as the linked accounts returned by getUser. For each linked account, you must specify the type and must not include a verifiedAt timestamp.
createEthereumWallet	boolean	(Optional) Whether to pregenerate an embedded Ethereum wallet for the imported user. Defaults to false.
createSolanaWallet	boolean	(Optional) Whether to pregenerate an embedded Solana wallet for the imported user. Defaults to false.
createEthereumSmartWallet	boolean	(Optional) Whether to pregenerate an embedded Smart wallet for the imported user. Defaults to false. If createEthereumSmartWallet is true, you must also explicitly set createEthereumWallet to true as well.

TIP

Looking for the types of LinkedAccounts?

See a list of the different account types and the data they include

Note:

• Each account should be a JSON object including all the necessary fields for that account type.
  • Valid account types are apple_oauth, 'custom_auth', 'discord_oauth', 'farcaster', 'github_oauth', 'google_oauth', 'instagram_oauth', 'linkedin_oauth', 'spotify_oauth', 'telegram', 'tiktok_oauth', 'twitter_oauth', 'email', 'phone' and 'wallet'.
• If importing a user with a custom_auth account, the custom_auth account must be the only element of the linked_accounts array. It is not permitted to import a user with a custom_auth account and other linked_accounts.
• You must exclude the verifiedAt field.
• The SDK and REST API have different naming conventions. The SDK uses camelCase and the API uses snake_case.

  CustomJwtAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'custom_auth'	N/A
API: custom_user_id SDK: customUserId	string	ID of user from custom auth provider.

  DiscordAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'discord_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from Discord user API response.
email	string	Email of user from Discord user API response.
username	string	Username of user from Discord user API response.

(See Discord docs)

  EmailAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'email'	N/A
address	string	Email address of user account.

  FarcasterAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'farcaster'	N/A
fid	number	FID of the user from Farcaster user API response.
API: owner_address SDK: ownerAddress	string	Wallet address of the user from Farcaster user API response. Note that this is the Farcaster wallet address, and not the Privy embedded wallet address.
username	string	(Optional) Username of user from Farcaster user API response. Do not include the '@'.
API: display_name SDK: displayName	string	(Optional) Display name of user from Farcaster user API response.
bio	string	(Optional) Bio of user from Farcaster user API response.
API: profile_picture_url SDK: profilePictureUrl	string	(Optional) Profile picture URL of the user from Farcaster user API response. Must be a valid image URL.
API: homepage_url SDK: homepageUrl	string	(Optional) Profile URL of the user from Farcaster user API response.

(See Farcaster docs. Note that the Privy import interface differs slightly from the Farcaster public interface in order to maintain consistency with other Privy LinkedAccount types.)

  GithubAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'github_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from GitHub user API response.
email	string	Email of user from GitHub user API response
name	string	Name of user from GitHub user API response
username	string	Username of user from GitHub user API response

(See GitHub docs)

  GoogleAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'google_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	sub pulled from Google-provided JWT with "openid" scope.
email	string	email from Google-provided JWT with "email" scope.
name	string	name from Google-provided JWT with "profile" scope.

  InstagramAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'instagram_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from Instagram user API response.
username	string	The name displayed on a user's profile from Instagram's /me API response.

(See Instagram docs)

  LinkedinAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'linkedin_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from LinkedIn user API response.
email	string	Email of user from LinkedIn user API response
name	string	Name of user from LinkedIn user API response. Do not include the '@'.

(See Linkedin docs)

  PhoneAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'phone'	N/A
number	string	Phone number of user account (non-international numbers default to US).

While number is accepted as input, phoneNumber is returned in the response.

  SmartWalletAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'smart_wallet'	N/A
address	string	Checksummed smart wallet address.
smart_wallet_type	SmartWalletType	One of 'kernel', 'safe', 'biconomy' or 'light_account'

  SpotifyAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'spotify_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from Spotify user API response.
email	string	Email of user from Spotify user API.
name	string	The name displayed on a user's profile from Spotify display_name API response.

(See Spotify docs)

  TelegramAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'telegram'	N/A
telegram_user_id	string	ID of a user's telegram account.
first_name	string	The first name displayed on a user's telegram account.
last_name	string	(Optional) The last name displayed on a user's telegram account.
username	string	(Optional) The username displayed on a user's telegram account.
photo_url	string	(Optional) The url of a user's telegram account profile picture.

(See Telegram docs)

  TwitterAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'twitter_oauth'	N/A
subject	string	ID of user from Twitter user API response.
name	string	Name of user from Twitter user API response
username	string	Username of user from Twitter user API response. Do not include the '@'.
API: profile_picture_url SDK: profilePictureUrl	string	(Optional) Profile picture URL of the user from Twitter user API response. Must be a valid image URL.

(See Twitter docs)

  WalletAccount

Field	Type	Description
type	'wallet'	N/A
API: chain_type SDK: chainType	'ethereum'	Type of chain for the wallet. EVM chains ('ethereum') and Solana ('solana') are currently supported.
address	string	Checksummed wallet address.

---

Using @privy-io/server-auth

Use the PrivyClient's importUser method to import a single user into your Privy app.

const user = await privy.importUser({
  linkedAccounts: [
    {
      type: 'email',
      address: '[email protected]',
    },
  ],
  createEthereumWallet: true,
  createSolanaWallet: true,
  createEthereumSmartWallet: true,
});

Using the REST API

Make a POST request to:

https://auth.privy.io/api/v1/users

Below is a sample cURL command for importing a new user into Privy:

$ curl --request POST https://auth.privy.io/api/v1/users \
-u "<your-privy-app-id>:<your-privy-app-secret>" \
-H "privy-app-id: <your-privy-app-id>" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
  "linked_accounts": [
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "username": "batman#1234",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "type": "discord_oauth"
    },
    {
      "number": "+1 123 456 7890",
      "type": "phone"
    },
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "name": "Bruce Wayne",
      "type": "google_oauth"
    },
    {
      "address": "[email protected]",
      "type": "email"
    },
    {
      "address": "0x3DAF84b3f09A0E2092302F7560888dBc0952b7B7",
      "type": "wallet",
      "chain_type": "ethereum"  # "ethereum" is the only valid value for chain_type
    },
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "username": "batman",
      "name": "Batman",
      "type": "twitter_oauth"
    },
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "username": "joker",
      "name": "Joker",
      "type": "github_oauth",
    }
  ]
}'

A successful response will include the new user object along with their DID. See a sample successful response below:

{
	"id": "did:privy:clddy332f002tyqpq3b3lv327",
	"created_at": 1674788927,
	"linked_accounts": [
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "username": "batman#1234",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "type": "discord_oauth",
      "verified_at": 1674788927
    },
   ...
    {
      "subject": "1234567890",
      "username": "joker",
      "name": "Joker",
      "type": "github_oauth",
      "verified_at": 1674788927
    }
  ]
}

INFO

User import endpoints have heavier rate limit of 240 users in total per minute. If you are being rate limited, responses will have status code 429. We suggest you set up exponential back-offs starting at 1 second to seamlessly recover.

INFO

When a user logs in to your app with Google or Apple OAuth, if there is an existing email account associated with the email address used for Google/Apple OAuth, Privy will automatically authenticate the user into the existing email account. This helps prevent account duplication issues where a single user may have multiple accounts unnecessarily.

When importing users to Privy, Privy will not automatically merge Apple, Google, and email users with the same email address if imported separately. This is to support migrations from authentication systems that do not automatically merge Apple, Google, and email accounts on the basis of email address.

If you'd like to import a Google account and email account to have the same Privy User ID, you must import both accounts in the same linked_accounts array. If you import each account separately, they will have different Privy User IDs.